AIM
The aim of this document is to set clear parameters on what constitutes sufficient evidence during a review. As a reminder, if the TV umpire does not see conclusive evidence to change the on-field decision the TV umpire will stay with the original decision (inc. soft signal). This document is a supplemented by the TV Umpire Communication Protocol.
CAUGHT
Front-on Spin Vision
If there is a clear and obvious gap between the ball and bat/glove as the ball passes, this is conclusive evidence that it has not been hit.
If there is a clear and significant deviation occurring immediately after the ball passes the bat/glove, this constitutes conclusive evidence that the ball was hit.
If there is no clear and obvious gap, and no clear and significant deviation, move to the below technology progression.
Hot Spot
If there is a heat mark on the bat/glove as the ball passes, this is conclusive evidence that it has been hit.
Use the Hot Spot replay, or other replays as necessary to confirm that the ball did pass next to the bat/glove where the mark was made.
If there is no heat mark on the bat/glove as the ball passes, this does not constitute conclusive evidence that the batsman did not hit the ball.
In this instance, the umpire will check RTS per the ABED protocol below.
Audio Based Edge Detection (ABED) – RTS & Ultra Edge
ABED should be used when Hot Spot isn’t available, or no mark was visible on the Hot Spot replay.
If the ball is next to the bat/glove when an audio spike occurs* this is conclusive evidence that the ball hit the bat/glove.
* Due to different technology providers using cameras capturing images in different frame rates, the below caveat applies on applying the audio spike to the vision. The decision is out when a spike occurs and the ball is next to the bat/glove in:
RTS – same frame and/or one frame after
Ultra Edge – one frame before, same frame or one frame after
If there is no audio spike, this does not constitute conclusive evidence that the ball did not hit bat/glove. In this instance you may look for a deflection caused by the bat/glove if you feel that it’s likely it was hit. Continue using the ABED replay, or ask the director for other front-on angles.
If there is no audio spike and no deviation, this is conclusive evidence that the ball was not hit.
Audio Guidance – no ABED available
When no Hot Spot or ABED is available, you should use replays with stump audio to detect any noise.
If there is a noise as the ball passes the bat/glove, and you are certain the noise wasn’t caused by anything else, this is conclusive evidence to say the ball was hit.
If there is no noise as the ball passes the bat/glove, and there is no deviation, this is conclusive evidence that it was not hit.
*n.b. the sound may occur marginally after the ball passes the bat/glove as sound travels slower than light.
Caught evidence progression – with Hot Spot
Caught evidence progression – no Hot Spot
LBW
Conclusive evidence protocols as per caught decisions apply to LBW decisions. The same progression should occur.
Ball Tracking Technology
Except in the case of obvious technical error, ball tracking information should be applied exactly.
LBW evidence progression – with Hot Spot
LBW evidence progression – no Hot Spot
FAIR CATCH
Initial decision to be made by the bowler’s end umpire before the decision is reviewed with a ‘soft-signal’ provided. The TV Umpire will make one of three decisions based on the available evidence.
Ball Carried
The ball did not hit the ground before going into the hands.
No evidence of the ball touching the ground at any time.* *For clarity – if the fielders fingers are clearly under the ball, but there is a possibility that the ball may have touched the ground between the fingers of one hand, this should be considered a catch if all other parameters are met. If the ball touched the ground between the hands, then this should be ruled not out.
Ball Bounced
The ball hit the ground before going into the hands.
Clear evidence that that ball bounced/touched the ground before the fielders fingers got under the ball.
No Conclusive Evidence
There is no evidence to satisfy one of the above decisions.
In this instance, the TV Umpire will stay with the on-field decision.
FAIR DELIVERY – BOWLERS FEET
Evidence
To rule a no-ball, there must be conclusive evidence that:
No part of the front foot is behind the popping crease upon first landing (either grounded or raised)
The back foot did not land within and/or not touching the return crease
The front foot did not land with some part on the same side as an imaginary line joining the two middle stumps.
For this decision, the benefit of the doubt shall go to the bowler.
FAIR DELIVERY – DELIVERY HEIGHT
Evidence
Clear evidence that the ball was above or below the batsman’s waist (on the full) or shoulders (on the bounce) if the batsman was standing upright at the crease.
Definition - Waist
The waist is identified as the top of the batman’s trousers.
BOUNDARY
Evidence – Catch
If the TV umpire cannot detect any movement in the boundary rope or ‘toblerone’ caused by a fielder, or they do not see the fielders foot actually touch the boundary rope or ‘toblerone’, this should remain as a catch.
If the reverse applies, this should be ruled a boundary six.
If the vision is unclear or obstructed, the on field decision will stand. n.b. in this scenario, the on-field umpires will give a ‘soft-signal’ awarding benefit of the doubt shall be to the fielder.
Evidence – boundary four
If the TV umpire cannot detect any movement in the boundary rope or ‘toblerone’ caused by a fielder, or they do not see the fielder actually touch the boundary rope or ‘toblerone’, this should remain as runs scored.
If the reverse applies, this should be ruled a boundary four.
If the vision is unclear or obstructed, the on field decision will stand. n.b. in this scenario, the on-field umpires will give a ‘soft-signal’ awarding benefit of the doubt shall be to the fielder.
OBSTRUCTING THE FIELD
The TV umpire may be utilised for obstructing the field decisions to assist in identifying if the batsman ‘wilfully’ attempted to obstruct the field. Wilful is defined as ‘intentional or deliberate’.
Evidence – wilful obstruction In a bid to obstruct a fielder, or the ball:
The batsman clearly changes direction.
The batsman turns and watches the throw.
The batsman attempts to block the path of the ball with the bat or any part or their persons.
The batsman runs down the protected area of the pitch.
TECHNOLOGY CAVEAT
In the event of any clear and obvious technology error during the decision making process, ignore that piece of evidence and attempt to make a decision without it based on the relevant evidence guidelines.
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